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William Law (1686 – April 9, 1761), English divine, was born
at Kings Cliffe, Northamptonshire.
Law was a busy writer under three heads:
Controversy
In this field he had no contemporary peer save perhaps Richard Bentley. The
first of his controversial works was Three Letters to the Bishop of Bangor
(1717), which were considered by friend and foe alike as one of the most
powerful contributions to the Bangorian controversy on the high church side.
Thomas Sherlock declared that Mr Law was a writer so considerable that he knew
but one good reason why his lordship did not answer him. Law's next
controversial work was Remarks on Mandeville's Fable of the Bees (1723), in
which he vindicates morality on the highest grounds; for pure style, caustic wit
and lucid argument this work is remarkable; it was enthusiastically praised by
John Sterling, and republished by FD Maurice. Law's Case of Reason (1732), in
answer to Tindal's Christianity as old as the Creation is to a great extent an
anticipation of Bishop Butler's famous argument in the Analogy. In this work Law
shows himself at least the equal of the ablest champion of Deism. His Letters to
a Lady inclined to enter the Church of Rome are excellent specimens of the
attitude of a high Anglican towards Romanism. His controversial writings have
not received due recognition, partly because they were opposed to the drift of
his times, partly because of his success in other fields.
Practical Divinity
A Serious Call to a Devout and Holy Life (1728), together with its predecessor,
A Practical Treatise Upon Christian Perfection (1726), deeply influenced the
chief actors in the great Evangelical revival. John and Charles Wesley, George
Whitefield, Henry Venn, Thomas Scott and Thomas Adam all express their deep
obligation to the author. The Serious Call affected others quite as deeply.
Samuel Johnson[1] , Gibbon, Lord Lyttelton and Bishop Home all spoke
enthusiastically of its merits; and it is still the only work by which its
author is popularly known. It has high merits of style, being lucid and pointed
to a degree. In a tract entitled The Absolute Unlawfulness of Stage
Entertainments (1726) Law was tempted by the corruptions of the stage of the
period to use unreasonable language, and incurred some effective criticism from
John Dennis in The Stage Defended.
Mysticism
Though the least popular, by far the most interesting, original and suggestive
of all Law's works are those which he wrote in his later years, after he had
become an enthusiastic admirer (not a disciple) of Jacob Boehme, the Teutonic
theosophist. From his earliest years, he had been deeply impressed with the
piety, beauty and thoughtfulness of the writings of the Christian mystics.
However, it was not till after his accidental meeting with the works of Boehme,
about 1734, that pronounced mysticism appeared in his works. Law's mystic
tendencies separated him from the practical-minded Wesley.