Anne Hébert (August 1, 1916 - January 22, 2000) was a Canadian author and poet.
French-Canadian novelist, poet, playwright, and short-story writer,
noted for her examination of the lives of the Quebeçois. Hébert
combined realism and symbolism, and reworked the tradition of the
historical novel. In her poems Hébert used free verse with dense,
almost surrealistic images. Her novels show influence of the French
nouveau roman and postmodern narrative techniques.
Elle règne sur un peuple de tournesols amers
Agités par le vent des terrains vagues
Tandis qu'au loin la ville fumante
Se retourne sur son aire
Et rajuste les chaînes aux chevilles des esclaves.
(from 'Soleil dérisoire')
Anne Hébert was born in Sainte-Catherine-de-Fossambault, about 25
miles (40 kilometers) from Québec city. She started to write poetry in
her teens under the tutelage of her father, Maurice-Lang Hébert
(1888-1960), a provincial civil servant and a distinguished literary
critic. Another crucial person in Hébert's life was her cousin, Hector
de Saint-Denys Garneau (1912-43), a poet, who died of a heart attack at
the age of 31.
Hébert attended Collège Saint-Coeur de Marie, Merici, Quebec, and
Collège Notre Dame, Bellevue, Quebec. In the 1940s, Hébert was briefly
affiliated with the newly established government film bureau. Hébert
worked for Radio Canada (1950-53), and the National Film Board of
Canada (1953-54, 1959-60). In the mid-1950s, she moved to Paris, the
location of many of his stories, but made frequent visits to Canada. In
her voluntary exile, Hébert often dealt with the themes of isolation,
alienation, and repressive nature of small communities.
Hébert's first collection of poems, Les Songes en Éguilabre, appeared in 1942. Its romantic tone was far from the violent images of her next book, Le Torrent (1950, The Torrent), a collection of short stories. In Le Tombeau des Rois (1953),
her second book of poetry, Hébert explored her anguish, the stifling
responsibilities of maturity, and repression and revolt. Poèmes (1960) earned her the Governor General's Literary Award.
Fantastic elements were present already in Hébert's first novel, Les Chambres de bois (1958, The Silent Rooms), and continued to appear in her subsequent works, such as in Héloïse (1980),
in which the title character, Héloïse, belongs to a community of
vampires that dwells among abandoned Parisian subway stations and sucks
the blood of Métro passengers. Open to many intepretions, in this
Hébert's work the vampire can be understood as a metaphor for hidden
otherness.
Les Chambres de bois was about a woman whose husband has a
horror of sex. The heroine, Catherine, revolts against the marital
prison, and breaks out of the rooms of the title. Kamouraska
(1970), which began the cycle set in the 19th-century Quebec, was based
on historical murder case and stories Hébert's mother had told her. The
central character is woman who conspires with her lover to murder her
husband. Hébert's narrative changes from first person to the third, she
enters the mind of Elisabeth, and reveals her revolt behind her
submissive appearence. Hébert co-wrote with the director Claude Jutka
the screenplay for Kamouraska's film version (1973), starring Geneviève Bujold.
Les Enfants du Sabbat (1975, Children of the Black Sabbath),
set in a Quebec convent, was a tale of witchcraft, incest, and
intercourse with the devil. Julie, the protagonist, is dedicated to
sorcery and lives out a perverse version of the virgin birth. The novel
was poortly received in Quebec, but it won the Governor General's
Literary Award. Les fous de Bassan (1982, In the Shadow of the
Wind) depicted people in an English-speaking village in the Gaspé. Six
narratives relate from different angles rape and murder of two cousins,
Nora and Olivia Atkins. One of the narrator is their cousin Stevens
Brown, the murderer. Nora also tells her story, and about her sexual
awakening. "I know about boys. That sting in the middle of their
bodies, while I, I am hollow and moist. Waiting." The sixth narrator is
the spirit of Olivia. The book was a best seller in Canada and in
France it was awarded the 1982 Prix Femina. "The power in this haunting
book - a power that seems in no way diminished in translation -
comes from the language, the rich, inventive images, the heated,
melodious prose. The winds Anne Hebert stirs up in her readers' minds
do not die down until long after the book has been closed." (C. B. Bryan in The New York Times, July 22, 1984)
In the late 1990s, Hébert returned to Canada after learning she was
terminally ill. She died of bone cancer on January 22, 2000, in
Montreal, Quebec. Hébert never married and had no children. Her final
novel, Un Habit de lumière, appeared in 1998.