Mañjuśrī (Ch: 文殊 Wénshū or 文殊師利菩薩 Wénshūshili Púsà; Jp: Monju; Tib: Jampelyang, also written Manjushri,
is the bodhisattva of keen awareness in Buddhism. A disciple of the
historical Buddha Shakyamuni, he represents wisdom, intelligence and
realisation, and is one of the most popular Bodhisattvas following
Avalokitesvara (Ch: Guan Yin).
Together
with Shakyamuni and fellow disciple Samantabhadra he forms the
Shakyamuni trinity (Jp: Sanzon Shaka). Manjusri is one of the Eight
Wisdom Bodhisattvas and one of the Japanese Thirteen Buddhas. In
Tibetan Buddhism he sometimes is depicted in a trinity with
Avalokiteshvara and Vajrapani.
Manjusri
is mentioned in many Mahayana sutras, particularly the Prajnaparamita
Sutras. The Lotus Sutra assigns him a paradise called Vimala, which
according to the Avatamsaka Sutra is located in the east. His consort
in some traditions is. He is also sometimes called Manjughosha.
Within Tibetan Buddhism, Manjushri is a tantric meditational deity or Yidam, and considered a fully enlightened Buddha
Manjusri Mantra
Chanting the Manjusri Mantra "Om Ah Ra Pa Tsa Na Dhih" is believed to enhance wisdom and improve one's skills in debating, memory, writing, explaining etc. "Dhih" is the seed syllable of the mantra and is chanted with greater emphasis.
Iconography
A
male Bodhisattva, he is depicted wielding a flaming sword in his right
hand, representing his realisation of wisdom which cuts through
ignorance and wrong views. The scripture supported by the flower held
in his left hand is the Prajnaparamita, representing his attainment of
ultimate realisation and Enlightenment. Variations upon his traditional
form as Manjusri include Guhya-Manjusri, Guhya-Manjuvajra, and
Manjuswari, most of which are Tantric forms associated with Tibetan
Buddhism. The two former appearances are generally accompanied by a
shakti deity embracing the main figure, symbolising union of form and
spirit, matter and energy.
Manchu
According
to legend Nurhaci, a military leader of the Jurchen tribes and founder
of what became the Chinese imperial Qing Dynasty, believed himself to
be a reincarnation of Manjusri. He therefore is said to have renamed
his tribe the Manchu
Yamāntaka (meaning 'terminator of Yama i.e. Death') is seen as a wrathful manifestation of Manjushri, the buddha of wisdom. Yamāntaka (Tibetan: Shinjeshe, གཤིན་རྗེ་གཤེད་; Wylie: Gshin-rje-gshed) is a Mahāyāna Buddhist yidam or istadevata of the Highest Yoga Tantra class in Vajrayana, popular within the Geluk school of Tibetan Buddhism.