This item has been added to My eBay for Guests. As a guest, you can: Track up to 10 items on this computer in My eBay Receive an email reminder for this item a few hours before it ends
Paypal - paid items ship within 2 days Money Order-paid items ship on next Wednesdays. Insurance provided by 3rd party insurer for safe delivery within 30 days USA, 45 days international, and 60 days to Italy. (Amount of time it takes Postal Service & Insurance to confirm an item has been lost).... Thanks!
Very Rare Large Softcover. Author :BILL BRUNS & RICH CLARKSON Date GOOD condition!! Pictorial highlights from the photographers of Associated Press, Sports Illustrated and Time Magazine.
ABOUT THE 1976 Summer Olympics From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia • Interested in contributing to Wikipedia? • Jump to: navigation, search Games of the XXI Olympiad Games of the XXI Olympiad
Host city Montreal, Quebec, Canada Nations participating 92 Athletes participating 6,028 (4,781 men, 1,247 women) Events 198 in 21 sports Opening ceremony July 17 Closing ceremony August 1 Officially opened by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II of Canada Athlete's Oath Pierre St.-Jean Judge's Oath Maurice Fauget Olympic Torch Stéphane Préfontaine and Sandra Henderson Stadium Olympic Stadium
The 1976 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXI Olympiad, were celebrated in 1976 in Montreal, Quebec. These are the summer Olympic Games organized by the International Olympic Committee. Montreal was awarded the rights to the 1976 Games in May 1970 over the bids of Moscow and Los Angeles, which later hosted the 1980 and 1984 Summer Olympic Games respectively. Contents [hide]
* 1 Highlights * 2 Venues o 2.1 Montreal Olympic Park o 2.2 Venues in Greater Montreal o 2.3 Venues outside Montreal * 3 Medals awarded * 4 Medal count * 5 Participating nations * 6 Boycotting countries * 7 See also o 7.1 Olympics with significant boycotts * 8 Notes and references * 9 External links
[edit] Highlights
* The Games were opened by Queen Elizabeth II (as head of state of Canada) and the several members of the Canadian Royal Family attended the opening ceremonies. * Canada, the host country, left with only five silver and six bronze medals. It was the first and only time to date in Olympic history that the host country of the Summer Games won no gold medals. This feat had occurred previously only in the Winter Games — 1924 in Chamonix, France and 1928 in St. Moritz, Switzerland. This later occurred at the 1984 Winter Games in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia, and once more for Canada at the 1988 Winter Games in Calgary. * Republic of China (Taiwan) withdrew after Canada informed them that they could not compete under the name "Republic of China". This was done because Canada officially recognized the People's Republic of China. Canada did try and compromise by saying that the people of the Republic of China could retain their national flag and anthem, but they refused. * In protest at a tour of South Africa by the New Zealand All Blacks rugby union team early in the year, Congo's official Jean Claude Ganga led a boycott of 28 African nations as the IOC refused to bar the New Zealand team. Some of the nations (including Morocco, Cameroon and Egypt) had already participated, however, as the teams withdrew only after the first day. From Southern and Central Africa, only Senegal and Ivory Coast took part. Both Iraq and Guyana also opted to join the Congolese-led boycott. * Because of the Munich massacre, security at these games was in evidence, as they it been earlier in the year at the Winter games in Innsbruck, Austria, though far lower than the norm for today's Olympic Games. * The Olympics were a financial disaster for Montreal, as the city faced debts for 30 years after the Games had finished. The Olympic Stadium, a daring design of French architect Roger Taillibert, remains a lasting monument to the huge deficit and as such is known as the Big Owe; it never had an effective retractable roof, and the tower was completed only after the Olympics. In December 2006 the stadium's costs were finally paid in full.[1] The total expenditure (including repairs, renovations, construction, interest, and inflation) amounted to C$1.61 billion. * The Olympic Flame was "electronically" transmitted via satellite from Athens to Ottawa, by means of an electronic pulse derived from the actual burning flame. From Ottawa, it was carried by hand to Montreal. After a rainstorm doused the Olympic flame a few days after the games had opened, an official relit the flame using his cigarette lighter. Organizers quickly doused it again and relit it using a backup of the original flame. * 14-year-old Nadia Comaneci of Romania scored seven perfect 10s and won three gold medals, including the prestigious All Around. The score board could hold only 3 digits and the score was shown as 1.00. In women's gymnastics three gold medals were also been won by Nellie Kim of USSR. Nikolai Andrianov of USSR won four gold medals, including All Around, in men's gymnastics. * Viktor Saneyev (Soviet Union) won his third consecutive triple jump gold medal, while Klaus Dibiasi of Italy did the same in the platform diving event. * Alberto Juantorena of Cuba became the first man to win both the 400 m and 800 m at the same Olympics. Finland's Lasse Virén also achieved a double in the 5000 and 10,000 m and finished 5th in the marathon, thereby failing to equal Emil Zátopek's 1952 achievements. * Boris Onischenko, a member of the Soviet Union's modern pentathlon team, was disqualified after it was discovered that he had rigged his épée to register a hit when there wasn't one. Because of this, the USSR modern pentathlon team was disqualified. Onischenko earned the enmity of other Soviet Olympic team members: for example, USSR volleyball team members threatened to throw him out of the hotel's window if they met him. * Women's events were introduced in basketball, handball and rowing. * Five American boxers - Sugar Ray Leonard, Leon Spinks, Michael Spinks, Leo Randolph and Howard Davis Jr. won gold medals in boxing. This has been often called the greatest Olympic boxing team the United States ever had, and, out of the five American gold medalists in boxing, all but Davis went on to become professional world champions. * Princess Anne of the United Kingdom was the only female competitor not to have to submit to a sex test. She was a member of her country's equestrian team. * Japanese gymnast Shun Fujimoto performed on a broken right knee, and helped the Japanese team win the gold medal for the team championship. Fujimoto broke his leg on the floor exercise, and due to the closeness in the overall standings with the USSR, he hid the extent of the injury. With a broken knee, Fujimoto was able to complete his event on the rings, performing a perfect triple somersault dismount, maintaining perfect posture. He scored a 9.7 thus securing gold for Japan. Years later, when asked if he would do it again, he stated bluntly "No, I would not." * The East German women's swim team won all but two gold medals, though it was later learned most of these women had been subject to testosterone injections by their own coaches and superiors. (See Doping (sport)). * Luann Ryan won the women's Archery gold for the USA; Ryan had never before competed at international level.
[edit] Venues The Olympic Village as it appears today. The Olympic Village as it appears today.
[edit] Montreal Olympic Park
* Olympic Stadium - opening/closing ceremonies, athletics, football/soccer finals, equestrian events * Olympic Pool - swimming, diving, water polo * Olympic Velodrome - cycling, judo * Maurice Richard Arena - wrestling, boxing * Centre Pierre Charbonneau - wrestling * Olympic Village (Montreal) - athletes' residences
[edit] Venues in Greater Montreal
* Olympic Basin, Notre Dame Island - rowing, canoeing * Claude Robillard Centre - handball, water polo * Étienne Desmarteau Centre - basketball * St. Michel Arena - weightlifting * Paul Sauvé Centre - volleyball * The Forum - gymnastics, handball, basketball, volleyball, boxing * Winter Stadium (Montreal), Université de Montréal - fencing * Molson Stadium, McGill University - field hockey
[edit] Medals awarded Velodrome (foreground) and Olympic Stadium (its tower completed after the Games), Montreal Velodrome (foreground) and Olympic Stadium (its tower completed after the Games), Montreal
* Hockey * Judo * Modern pentathlon * Rowing * Sailing * Shooting * Swimming * Volleyball * Water polo * Weightlifting * Wrestling
[edit] Medal count Rank Country Gold Silver Bronze Total 1 Soviet Union Soviet Union 49 41 35 125 2 East Germany East Germany 40 25 25 90 3 United States United States 34 35 25 94 4 West Germany West Germany 10 12 17 39 5 Japan Japan 9 6 10 25 6 Poland Poland 7 6 13 26 7 Bulgaria Bulgaria 6 9 7 22 8 Cuba Cuba 6 4 3 13 9 Romania Romania 4 9 14 27 10 Hungary Hungary 4 5 13 22
Further information: 1976 Summer Olympics medal count
Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of athletes from each nation that competed at the Games.
* Andorra Andorra (3) * Antigua Antigua (9) * Argentina Argentina (70) * Australia Australia (182) * Austria Austria (60) * Bahamas Bahamas (10) * Barbados Barbados (10) * Belgium Belgium (106) * Belize Belize (4) * Bermuda Bermuda (22) * Bolivia Bolivia (4) * Brazil Brazil (81) * Bulgaria Bulgaria (160) * Cameroon Cameroon (4)WD[›] * Canada Canada (391) * Cayman Islands Cayman Islands (4) * Chile Chile (7) * Colombia Colombia (34) * Costa Rica Costa Rica (5) * Côte d'Ivoire Côte d'Ivoire (8) * Cuba Cuba (150) * Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia (150) * Denmark Denmark (69)
* Dominican Republic Dominican Republic (11) * Ecuador Ecuador (5) * Egypt Egypt (29)WD[›] * Fiji Fiji (2) * Finland Finland (89) * France France (213) * East Germany East Germany (274) * West Germany West Germany (289) * Great Britain Great Britain (249) * Greece Greece (37) * Guatemala Guatemala (29) * Haiti Haiti (12) * Honduras Honduras (3) * Hong Kong Hong Kong (25) * Hungary Hungary (183) * Iceland Iceland (14) * India India (26) * Indonesia Indonesia (7) * Iran Iran (84) * Ireland Ireland (46) * Israel Israel (26) * Italy Italy (221) * Jamaica Jamaica (20)
* Japan Japan (215) * North Korea North Korea (41) * South Korea South Korea (50) * Kuwait Kuwait (14) * Lebanon Lebanon (4) * Liechtenstein Liechtenstein (6) * Luxembourg Luxembourg (8) * Malaysia Malaysia (23) * Mexico Mexico (99) * Monaco Monaco (10) * Mongolia Mongolia (33) * Morocco Morocco (9)WD[›] * Nepal Nepal (1) * Netherlands Netherlands (103) * Netherlands Antilles Netherlands Antilles (4) * New Zealand New Zealand (84) * Nicaragua Nicaragua (14) * Norway Norway (68) * Pakistan Pakistan (24) * Panama Panama (8) * Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (5) * Paraguay Paraguay (6) * Peru Peru (13)
* Philippines Philippines (13) * Poland Poland (224) * Portugal Portugal (19) * Puerto Rico Puerto Rico (81) * Romania Romania (157) * San Marino San Marino (10) * Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia (19) * Senegal Senegal (23) * Singapore Singapore (4) * Soviet Union Soviet Union (412) * Spain Spain (115) * Suriname Suriname (3) * Sweden Sweden (122) * Switzerland Switzerland (54) * Thailand Thailand (43) * Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago (12) * Tunisia Tunisia (17)WD[›] * Turkey Turkey (27) * United States United States (403) * Uruguay Uruguay (9) * Venezuela Venezuela (31) * Virgin Islands Virgin Islands (18) * Yugoslavia Yugoslavia (90)
^ WD: Athletes from Cameroon, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia competed on July 18-20 before these nations withdrew from the Games.
[edit] Boycotting countries
The following 28 countries boycotted the Games.[2] The boycott was due to the participation of New Zealand: New Zealand's national rugby union team (the All Blacks) continued to play rugby with South Africa.[3] (South Africa had been banned from the Olympics since 1964 due to its apartheid policies). Boycotting countries shown in yellow, green and orange Boycotting countries shown in yellow, green and orange
* Algeria * Cameroon * Central African Republic * Chad * Congo * Egypt * Ethiopia
* Swaziland * Tanzania * Togo * Tunisia * Uganda * Upper Volta * Zambia
Zaire did not compete, but claimed financial causes rather than political. Both the Republic of China and the People's Republic of China boycotted the games over issues concerning the legitimacy of each other. In November 1976, the International Olympic Committee recognized the People's Republic of China as the sole legal representative.
[edit] See also
* 1976 Summer Paralympics * International Olympic Committee * IOC country codes * 1976 in Canada
1. ^ Quebec's Big Owe stadium debt is over 2. ^ Africa and the XXIst Olympiad. Olympic Review. IOC (1976). Retrieved on 3 April, 2006. 3. ^ BBC ON THIS DAY | 17 | 1976: African countries boycott Olympics
[edit] External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1976 Summer Olympics
* IOC Site on 1976 Summer Olympics * 1976: African countries boycott Olympics * Official site by senior members of the Montreal Games Organizing Committee
ABOUT Nadia Comaneci From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Nadia Comaneci) • Learn more about citing Wikipedia • Jump to: navigation, search Medal record Nadia Comaneci (right) with Condoleezza Rice. Nadia Comaneci (right) with Condoleezza Rice. Women's artistic gymnastics Competitor for Flag of Romania Romania Olympic Games Gold 1976 Montréal All-around Gold 1976 Montréal Uneven bars Gold 1976 Montréal Balance beam Gold 1980 Moscow Balance beam Gold 1980 Moscow Floor exercise Silver 1976 Montréal Team competition Silver 1980 Moscow Team competition Silver 1980 Moscow All-around Bronze 1976 Montréal Floor exercise World Championships Gold 1978 Strasbourg Balance Beam Gold 1979 Ft. Worth Team Silver 1978 Strasbourg Team Silver 1978 Strasbourg Vault European Championships Gold 1975 Skien All around Gold 1975 Skien Uneven Bars Gold 1975 Skien Balance Beam Gold 1975 Skien Vault Gold 1977 Prague All around Gold 1977 Prague Uneven Bars Gold 1979 Copenhagen All around Gold 1979 Copenhagen Vault Gold 1979 Copenhagen Floor Exercise Silver 1975 Skien Floor Exercise Bronze 1977 Prague Vault Bronze 1979 Copenhagen Balance Beam
Nadia Elena Comaneci (originally Comaneci /ko.m?'ne??/; born November 12, 1961) is a Romanian gymnast, winner of five Olympic gold medals, and the first gymnast to be awarded a perfect score of 10 in an Olympic gymnastic event. She is one of the best-known gymnasts in the world and, along with Olga Korbut, is credited with popularizing the sport around the world.[1][2] Contents [hide]
* 1 Early life * 2 Early gymnastics career * 3 Montreal Olympics * 4 1977–1980 * 5 Post retirement * 6 Current activities * 7 Awards * 8 Special skills * 9 Pop culture references * 10 References * 11 External links
[edit] Early life
Comaneci was born in La Turci, Romania, as the daughter of Gheorghe and Stefania-Alexandrina.[3][4] Her pregnant mother was watching a Russian film in which the heroine of the story's name was Nadya, the shortened version of the Russian name Nadyezhda (which means, literally, "Hope"). She decided that her daughter would be named Nadia, too. Comaneci also has a younger brother named Adrian.[5]
[edit] Early gymnastics career
Comaneci began gymnastics in kindergarten with a local team called "Flame," with coaches Duncan and Munteanu.[6][7] At age 6 she was chosen to attend Béla Károlyi's experimental gymnastics school after he spotted her and a friend turning cartwheels in a schoolyard.[8][9]
Comaneci was training with the Károlyis by the time she was 7 years old, in 1969. She was one of the first students at the gymnastics school established in Onesti by Béla and his wife, Marta, who would later defect to the United States and become coaches of many prominent American gymnasts. Unlike many of the other students at the Károlyi school, Comaneci was able to commute from home for many years because she lived in the area.[10]
Comaneci placed 13th in her first Romanian National Championships in 1969. A year later, in 1970, she began competing as a member of her hometown team and became the youngest gymnast ever to win the Romanian Nationals.[3] In 1971, she participated in her first international competition, a dual junior meet between Romania and Yugoslavia, winning her first all-around title and contributing to the team gold. For the next few years, she competed as a junior in numerous national contests in Romania and additional dual meets with nearby countries such as Hungary, Italy and Poland.[11] At the age of 11, in 1973, she won the all-around gold, as well as the vault and uneven bars titles, at the Junior Friendship Tournament (Druzhba), an important meet for junior gymnasts.[12][13]
Comaneci's first major international success came at the age of 13, when she nearly swept the 1975 European Championships in Skien, Norway, winning the all-around and gold medals on every event but the floor exercise, in which she placed second. She continued to enjoy success in other meets in 1975, winning the all-around at the "Champions All" competition and placing first in the all-around, vault, beam, and bars at the Romanian National Championships. In the Pre-Olympic test event in Montreal, Comaneci won the all-around and the balance beam golds, as well as silvers in the vault, floor, and bars behind accomplished Soviet gymnast Nellie Kim, who would prove to be one of her greatest rivals over the next five years.[14]
In March 1976, Comaneci competed in the inaugural edition of the American Cup at Madison Square Garden in New York. She received unprecedented scores of 10.0, which signified a perfect routine without any deductions, on vault in both the preliminary and final rounds of competition and won the all-around.[15] Comaneci also received 10s in other meets in 1976, including the prestigious Chunichi Cup competition in Japan, where she posted perfect marks on the vault and uneven bars.[16]
The international community took note of Comaneci: she was named the United Press International's "Female Athlete of the Year" for 1975.[17]
[edit] Montreal Olympics
At the age of 14, Comaneci became one of the stars of the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal. During the team portion of the competition, her routine on the uneven bars was scored at a 10.0. It was the first time in modern Olympic gymnastics history that the score had ever been awarded. The scoreboards were not even equipped to display scores of 10.0—so Nadia's perfect marks were reported on the boards as 1.00 instead.[18] Over the course of the Olympics, Comaneci would earn six additional 10s, en route to capturing the all-around, beam and bars titles and a bronze medal on the floor exercise. The Romanian team also placed second in the team competition.[19]
Comaneci was the first Romanian gymnast to win the all-around title at the Olympics. She also holds the record as the youngest Olympic gymnastics all-around champion ever; with the revised age-eligibility requirements in the sport (gymnasts must now turn 16 in the calendar year to compete in the Olympics; in 1976 gymnasts had to be 14 by the first day of the competition[20]), this record is currently unable to be broken.
Comaneci's achievements at the Olympics generated a significant amount of media attention. The theme song from the American soap opera The Young and the Restless became associated with her after the television program ABC's Wide World Of Sports used it as background music for montages of her routines. The song became a top ten single in the fall of 1976, and the composer, Barry De Vorzon, renamed it to "Nadia's Theme" after her.[21] However, Comaneci never actually performed to "Nadia's Theme." Her floor exercise music was a medley of the songs "Yes Sir, That's My Baby" and "Jump in the Line" arranged for piano.
She was the 1976 BBC Sports Personality of the Year in the overseas athletes category[22] and the Associated Press's 1976 "Female Athlete of the Year".[23] She also retained her title as the UPI Female Athlete of the Year.[24] Back home in Romania, Comaneci's success led her to be named a "Hero of Socialist Labor," she was the youngest Romanian to receive such recognition during the administration of Nicolae Ceausescu.[6]
[edit] 1977–1980
Comaneci successfully defended her European all-around title in 1977, but when questions about the scoring were raised, Ceausescu ordered the Romanian gymnasts to return home. The team followed orders and controversially walked out of the competition during the event finals.[25][6]
Following the 1977 Europeans, the Romanian Gymnastics Federation removed Comaneci from her longtime coaches, the Károlyis, and sent her to Bucharest to train at the 23 August sports complex. The change was not positive for Comaneci. Grappling with both the stress of her parents' divorce and the new training environment, she was extremely unhappy and her gymnastics and overall fitness suffered.[26][6] An overweight and out of shape Comaneci showed up at the 1978 World Championships. A fall from the uneven bars resulted in a 4th place finish in the all-around behind Elena Mukhina, Nellie Kim, and Natalia Shaposhnikova, but Comaneci won the beam title.
After the 1978 Worlds, Comaneci was permitted to return to Deva and to the Károlyis.[27] In 1979, a newly slim and motivated Comaneci won her third consecutive European all-around title, becoming the first gymnast, male or female, to achieve the feat. At the World Championships that December, Comaneci led the field after the compulsory competition but was hospitalized prior to the optional portion of the team competition for blood poisoning caused by a cut in her wrist from her metal grip buckle. Against doctors' orders, she left the hospital and competed on the beam, where she scored a 9.95. Her performance helped give the Romanians their first team gold medal. After her performance, Comaneci spent several days recovering in All Saints Hospital and underwent a minor surgical procedure for the infected hand, which had developed an abscess.[28][29][30]
Comaneci participated in the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, placing second in the all-around to Yelena Davydova. She defended her Olympic title in the balance beam and tied with Nellie Kim for the gold medal in the floor exercise. The Romanian team finished second overall.
Comaneci retired from competition in 1981. Her official retirement ceremony took place in Bucharest in 1984 and was attended by the International Olympic Committee Chairman.[31]
[edit] Post retirement
In 1981, Comaneci participated in a gymnastics exhibition tour in the United States.[32] During the tour, her coaches, Béla and Marta Károlyi, along with the Romanian team choreographer Geza Pozar, defected.[33] Upon her return to Romania, Comaneci's actions were strictly monitored. She was granted leave to attend the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles but was supervised for the entire trip. Aside from that journey, and a few select trips to Moscow and Cuba, Comaneci was forbidden to leave the country for any reason."[34] "Life..." she wrote in her autobiography, "took on a new bleakness."[35]
Working in Romania, between 1984 and 1989, Comaneci was a member of the Romanian Gymnastics Federation and helped coach the Romanian junior gymnasts. In November of 1989, a few weeks before the Revolution, she defected with a group of other young Romanians. Her overland journey took her through Hungary, Austria, and finally, to the United States.[6][36][19] Her initial arrival in the United States generated some negative press, focusing on her penchant for heavy makeup and trashy clothes, the fact that Constantin Panait (a Romanian exile who helped her escape from Romania and was her constant companion) was a married father of 4, and hinted at an eating disorder and an unsavory life left behind in Romania.[37]
Comaneci initially settled in Montreal. With the help of friends, she successfully distanced herself from Panait and the image problems of her initial arrival from Romania. Comaneci spent most of her time touring and promoting lines of gymnastics apparel and aerobic equipment. She also dabbled in modeling, appearing in ads for wedding dresses and Jockey underwear.[19]
While she was living in Montreal, Bart Conner, whom she had met for the first time in 1976 at the American Cup, contacted her and invited her to live in Oklahoma. They became engaged in 1994. Together with Conner, she returned to Romania for the first time since her defection (and since the fall of Communism and of Ceausescu), and the couple were married in Bucharest on April 27, 1996. The ceremony was broadcast live in Romania, and the reception was held in the former presidential palace.[19][38]
On June 29, 2001, Comaneci became a naturalized citizen of the United States. She has also retained her Romanian passport, making her a dual citizen.[6]
In December 2003, Comaneci's autobiography, Letters To A Young Gymnast, was published. The memoir answers questions that she has received in letters from fans. She has also been the subject of several unofficial biographies, television documentaries and a made-for-television film, Nadia, that was broadcast in the United States shortly before the 1984 Olympics.[39]
Comaneci and Conner welcomed their first child, a baby boy named Dylan Paul Conner, on June 3, 2006 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.[40][41]
[edit] Current activities
Comaneci is active in many charities and international organizations. In 1999, she became the first athlete to be invited to speak at the United Nations to launch the Year 2000 International Year of Volunteers. She is currently the Vice-Chair of the Board Of Directors of the International Special Olympics and Vice President of the Board of Directors of the Muscular Dystrophy Association.[19][42] She has also personally funded the construction and operation of the Nadia Comaneci Children's Clinic, a clinic in Bucharest that provides low-cost and free medical and social support to Romanian children.[43]
In 2003, the Romanian government appointed her as an Honorary Consul General of Romania to the United States to deal with bilateral relations between the two nations. She performs this function based out of her Norman, Oklahoma, office.[44]
In the world of gymnastics, Comaneci is the Honorary President of the Romanian Gymnastics Federation, the Honorary President of Romanian Olympic Committee, Ambassador of Sports of Romania and a member of the International Gymnastics Federation Foundation. She and her husband own the Bart Conner Gymnastics Academy, the Perfect 10 Production Company and several sports equipment shops. They are also the editors of International Gymnast magazine. Additionally, Comaneci and Conner have provided television commentary for many gymnastics meets, most recently the 2005 World Championships in Melbourne.[19]
On August 10, 2007, Nadia was a "mob" participant on the American version of the game show 1 vs 100, and was not eliminated until the last 20 members of the mob were left. In January 2008, she was one of the contestants in the celebrity edition of Donald Trump's television program The Apprentice.[45]
[edit] Awards
Comaneci received the Olympic Order, the highest award given by the International Olympic Committee, in 1984 and 2004. She is the only person to receive this honor twice, and was also the youngest recipient. She has also been inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame.[46]
In 2005, Fox.com elected the Greatest Athletes in 150 years of Sports history, Nadia placed 4th in the final voting, ahead of Pelé and Muhammad Ali, and was the highest ranked female athlete.[citation needed]
[edit] Special skills
* On the uneven bars, Comaneci performed her own release move, a kip to front salto. The skill is named after her in the women's Code of Points and, as of 2005, is rated as an 'E' element. * Comaneci was the first gymnast to successfully perform an aerial walkover and an aerial cartwheel-two back handsprings flight series on the beam.[citation needed]
[edit] Pop culture references
* Comaneci's name was used as an alias for a young girl in a season 3 episode of the CW hit television show, Veronica Mars.
* When Joanne Charis states that the girls need to stay and practice their routines in the movie Stick It, Meena states: "Who died and made you Nadia?"
* In the ABC hit television show, Lost, the character Mikhail Bakunin (named after the Russian anarchist Mikhail Bakunin) has a cat named Nadia, named after Nadia Comaneci, whom he calls "the greatest athlete the world has ever known." He also reveals that they share a birthday. In addition, the station Mikhail works in is called the "Flame", which is also the name of Comaneci's first gymnastics team.
* Gilda Radner played Comaneci on several episodes of Saturday Night Live, as well as in an extended skit in her 1979 stage show Gilda Live.
* Nadia Turner, singer and actress, and American Idol Season 4 Finalist was named after Nadia Comaneci. (www.nadiaturner.com)
[edit] References
1. ^ The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. (2007). Gymnastics (English). infoplease.com. Retrieved on September 6, 2007. 2. ^ British Olympic Association (2007). Gymnastics history British Olympic Association (English). British Olympic Association. Retrieved on September 6, 2007. 3. ^ a b "Olympic Champion Nadia Comaneci Young Athlete, August 1978 4. ^ Letters to a Young Gymnast. Comaneci, Nadia. 2004, Basic Books. ISBN 0465012760 pg. 4 5. ^ Letters to a Young Gymnast. Comaneci, Nadia. 2004, Basic Books. ISBN 0465012760 pg. 5 6. ^ a b c d e f Whatever Happened to Nadia Comaneci? Barbara Fisher and Jennifer Isbister, 2003, Gymnastics Greats.com 7. ^ Letters to a Young Gymnast. Comaneci, Nadia. 2004, Basic Books. ISBN 0465012760 pg. 8. ^ "Olympic Champion Nadia Comaneci Young Athlete, August 1978 9. ^ Letters to a Young Gymnast. Comaneci, Nadia. 2004, Basic Books. ISBN 0465012760 pg. 17-19 10. ^ Letters to a Young Gymnast. Comaneci, Nadia. 2004, Basic Books. ISBN 0465012760 pg. 19 11. ^ List of competitive results Gymn-Forum 12. ^ Letters to a Young Gymnast. Comaneci, Nadia. 2004, Basic Books. ISBN 0465012760 pg. 27-28 13. ^ List of competitive results Gymn-Forum 14. ^ List of competitive results Gymn-Forum 15. ^ "Gymnast Posts Perfect Mark" Robin Herman, New York Times, March 28, 1976 16. ^ Scores for 1976 Chunichi Cup Gymn-Forum 17. ^ UPI Athletes of the Year 18. ^ "Still A Perfect 10" Olympic Review, Paul Ziert, 2005 19. ^ a b c d e f Legends: Nadia Comaneci International Gymnast magazine 20. ^ "Within the International Federations" (PDF). Olympic Review, 1980 21. ^ "Nadia Comaneci: The Perfect 10" International Olympic Committee (IOC) website 22. ^ List of winners, BBC Sports Personality of the Year (Overseas) BBC press office 23. ^ Associated Press Athletes of the Year MSN Encarta 24. ^ UPI Athletes of the Year 25. ^ Letters to a Young Gymnast. Comaneci, Nadia. 2004, Basic Books. ISBN 0465012760 pg. 61-62 26. ^ Letters to a Young Gymnast. Comaneci, Nadia. 2004, Basic Books. ISBN 0465012760 pg. 64-68 27. ^ Letters to a Young Gymnast. Comaneci, Nadia. 2004, Basic Books. ISBN 0465012760 pg. 68 - 72 28. ^ "Nadia." The Epistle, (All Saints Episcopal Hospital), January 1980 29. ^ Letters to a Young Gymnast. Comaneci, Nadia. 2004, Basic Books. ISBN 0465012760 pg. 87 - 91 30. ^ Little Girls in Pretty Boxes. Ryan, Joan. 1995, Doubleday. ISBN 0385477902 31. ^ "Still A Perfect 10" Olympic Review, Paul Ziert, 2005 32. ^ "Miss Comaneci, 19, Makes Fresh Start". Ira Berkow, New York Times, March 6, 1981 33. ^ Little Girls in Pretty Boxes. Ryan, Joan. 1995, Doubleday. ISBN 0385477902 pg. 201 34. ^ "Still A Perfect 10" Olympic Review, Paul Ziert, 2005 35. ^ Letters to a Young Gymnast. Comaneci, Nadia. 2004, Basic Books. ISBN 0465012760 pg. 121 36. ^ Letters to a Young Gymnast. Comaneci, Nadia. 2004, Basic Books. ISBN 0465012760 pg. 137 - 148 37. ^ Up Front: After Escaping her Romanian Svengali, Nadia Comaneci Tries to Get Her Life Back on the Beam. 38. ^ "Nadia Tumbles over Wedding" Cincinnati Post, April 6, 1996 39. ^ Nadia at the IMDB 40. ^ "Nadia Comaneci, Bart Conner Welcome Baby Boy" Associated Press, June 6, 2006 41. ^ "Former Gymnasts Nadia Comaneci and Bart Conner Baptized Their First Child, Dylan Paul" Catalina Iancu, Jurnalul National, August 28 2006 42. ^ "MDA's Perfect 10s" Muscular Dystrophy Association 43. ^ "Still A Perfect 10" Olympic Review, Paul Ziert, 2005 44. ^ Diplomatic List, Office of the Chief of Protocol, U.S. Department of State. Summer 2006. Accessed Janua
Track up to 10 items on this computer in 
)
)
