SECTION 1. WIRE ROPE

-1.1 FABRICATION . -1 -1.1.1 GENERAL. -1 -1.1.2 COMPLEXITY. -1 -1.2 PARTS . -1 -1.2.1 GENERAL. -1 -1.2.2 CORE TYPE. -1 -1.2.3 CORE MATERIAL. -2 -1.2.4 CHOICE OF CORE. -2 -1.3

LAYS .-2 -1.3.1 GENERAL. -2 -1.3.2 RIGHT LAY OR RIGHT-HAND HELIX. -3 -1.3.3 LEFT LAY OR LEFT-HAND HELIX. -3 -1.3.4 REGULAR LAY. -3 -1.3.5 LANG LAY. -3 -1.3.6 PITCH OR LENGTH OF LAY. -3 -1.4 SIZE . -3 -1.5 CONSTRUCTION. -4 -1.5.1 GENERAL. -4 -1.5.2 SEALE CONSTRUCTION.-5 -1.5.3 WARRINGTON CONSTRUCTION. -5 -1.5.4

FILLER WIRE. -5 -1.5.5 FLATTENED STRAND.-5 -1.5.6 SPRING LAY. -5 -1.6 PREFORMED WIRE ROPE . -5 -1.7 ZINC-COATED OR WIRE ROPE .-6 -1.8 CONDITIONS OF USE . -6 -1.8.1 CHARACTERISTICS. -6 -1.8.2 USES. -6 -1.8.2.6 Spring Lay Rope. -7 -1.8.3 STRENGTH. -7 -1.8.4 FACTOR OF SAFETY. -8 -1.8.5 FITTINGS. -8 -1.8.5.1 Test. -10 -1.8.5.2 Marking. -10 -1.8.5.3 System Applicability. -10 -1.9 CARE AND PRESERVATION .-10 -1.9.1 STORAGE. -10 -1.9.2 UNCOILING AND UNREELING. -10 -1.9.3 KINKING AND RESULTING ROPE DAMAGE. -12 -1.9.4

DRUM WINDING. -13 -1.10 INSPECTION, REPLACEMENT, AND LUBRICATION . -15 -1.10.1 GENERAL. -15 -1.10.2 INSPECTION. -15 -1.10.2.1 External Inspection. -15 -1.10.2.2 Internal Inspection. -16 -1.10.3 GENERAL. -16 -1.10.4 LUBRICATION. -16 -1.11

SPLICING AND TERMINATING .-17 -1.11.1 SEIZING. -17 -1.11.1.1 Temporary Seizing. -18 -1.11.1.2 Permanent Seizing. -19 -1.11.1.3 Electrical Sealing. -20 -1.11.2 POURED ZINC SOCKET. -20 -1.11.2.1 Need for Qualified Preinstallation Process Control. -20 -1.11.2.2 Qualification Requirement. -20 -1.11.2.3 Steel Wire Rope with Steel Socket. -21 -1.11.2.4 In-Service Sockets. -29 -1.11.2.5 System Applicabiality. -29 -1.11.2.6 Reuse of Poured Sockets. -29 -1.11.2.7 BRONZE WIRE ROPE WITH BRASS OR BRONZE SOCKET. -29 -1.11.3

POURED RESIN SOCKET.-29 -1.11.3.1 Need for Qualified Assembly Process Control. -29 -1.11.3.2 Qualification Requirement. -29 -1.11.3.3 Steel Wire Rope with WIRELOCK or SOCKETFAST Poured Resin Spelter Socket. -30 -1.11.3.4 In-Service Sockets. -43 -1.11.3.5 System Applicability . -43 -1.11.3.6 Re-use of Poured Resin Socket. -43 -1.11.4 FIEGE-TYPE (THREADED, COMPRESSION) WIRE ROPE CONNECTORS. -44 -1.11.4.1 Parts. -44 -1.11.4.2 Installation. -44 -1.11.5 WIRE ROPE CLIPS. -47 -1.11.5.1 Installation. -47 -1.11.6

SWAGING. -50 -1.11.6.1 Qualified Personnel. -50 -1.11.6.2 Swaging Qualification. -50 -1.11.6.3 Installation. -50 -1.11.7 SPLICING. -51 -1.11.7.1 Types of Splicing. -51 -1.11.7.2 Rope Length Requirements. -51 -1.11.7.3 Short Splice.-51 -1.11.7.4 Long Splice.-52 -1.11.7.5 Independent Wire Rope Core Splice . -58 -1.11.7.6 IWRC Splicing Procedures. -58 -1.11.7.7 Eye Splice. -61 -1.11.7.8 Liverpool Splice.-61 -1.11.7.9 Lock-Tuck Splice. -63 -1.11.7.10 Flemish Eye Splice (Molly Hogan). -65

SECTION 2. FIBER ROPE .

-67 -2.1 INTRODUCTION . -67 -2.1.1 GENERAL. -67 -2.1.2 COMPLEXITY. -67 -2.2 FIBER ROPE IDENTIFICATION. -67 -2.2.1 FIBERS. -67 -2.2.2 LARGE ROPES. -67 -2.2.3 MANILA AND SISAL ROPES. -67 -2.2.4 SYNTHETIC ROPE. -67 -2.3

FIBER ROPE CONSTRUCTION . -67 -2.3.1 TWISTED FIBER ROPES. -67 -2.3.2 LARGE LAID ROPES. -68 -2.3.3 PLAIN-LAID ROPES. -68 -2.3.4 CABLE-LAID ROPES. -68 -2.3.5 PLAITED ROPES. -68 -2.3.6 BRAIDED ROPES. -70 -2.3.7 DOUBLE BRAIDED ROPES. -70 -2.3.8 SMALL CORDAGE ROPES. -71 -2.3.9 MARLINE. -72 -2.3.10 POLYETHYLENE ROPE. -72 -2.3.11 SIGNAL HAYYARDS. -72 -2.4 PRECAUTIONS AND TECHNIQUES FOR THE USES OF ROPES . -72 -2.4.1 GENERAL. -72 -2.4.2 UNCOILING AND UNREELING. -72 -2.4.2.1 Uncoiling Natural Fiber-Laid Ropes. -72 -2.4.2.2 Uncoiling Synthetic Fiber-Laid Ropes. -72 -2.4.2.3 Unreeling Synthetic Fiber Ropes. -73 -2.4.2.4 Unwinding Aramid Lines. -73 -2.4.3 RECOILING AND REREELING. -73 -2.4.4

ELONGATION AND PERMANENT STRETCH. -73 -2.4.4.1 Natural Fiber Ropes. -73 -2.4.4.2 Synthetic Fiber Ropes. -73 -2.4.5 SHRINKAGE AND SWELLING . -73 -2.4.5.1 Natural Fiber Ropes. -73 -2.4.5.2 Synthetic Fiber Ropes. -74 -2.5 PRECAUTIONS AND TECHNIQUES FOR THE USES OF ROPES . -74 -2.5.1 GENERAL. -74 -2.5.2 EYE SPLICE IN PLAIN-LAID ROPE. -74 -2.5.2.1 Natural Fiber Ropes. -74 -2.5.3 EYE SPLICE IN 4–STRAND ARAMID FIBER ROPE. -75 -2.5.4 EYE SPLICE IN PLAITED ROPE. -75 -2.5.5 EYE SPLICE IN DOUBLE BRAIDED ROPE. -77 -2.5.6 SHORT SPLICE. -77 -2.5.9 LONG SPLICE. -80 -2.5.10 LONG SPLICE OF PLAIN-LAID ROPES. -80 -2.5.11

LONG SPLICE OF PLAITED ROPE. -81 -2.5.12 LONG SPLICE OF DOUBLE-BRAIDED ROPE. -85 -2.5.13 THROAT SEIZING. -85 -2.6 WHIPPING AND SEALING . -87 -2.6.1 WHIPPING. -87 -2.6.2 SEALING. -87 -2.7 EFFECTS OF SECURING ROPES . -88 -2.7.2 GENERAL. -88 -2.7.2 KNOTS. -88 -2.7.3 ROUND TURNS. -88 -2.7.4 FIGURE-EIGHT BENDS. -88 -2.7.5 OVERRIDING TURNS.-88 -2.8 EXTENDING ROPE’S SERVICE LIFE . -89 -2.8.1 GENERAL. -89 -2.8.2 DAMAGING CONDITIONS. -89 -2.8.2.1 Excessive Pull. -89 -2.8.2.2 Surface Abrasion. -93 -2.8.2.3 Chafing Gear. -93 -2.8.2.4 Deck Fittings. -93 -2.8.2.5 Gritty Material.-93 -2.8.2.6 Effects of a Freezing Environment. -93 -2.8.2.7 Sharp Edges.-93 -2.8.2.8 Shearing. -93 -2.8.2.9 Rope Kinks and Cockles. -93 -2.8.2.10 Bending. -94 -2.8.2.11 Drag. -94 -2.9

EFFECT OF AGING ON FIBER ROPES . -94 -2.9.1 NATURAL FIBER ROPES.-94 -2.9.2 SYNTHETIC FIBER ROPES. -94 -2.10 ROPE REPLACEMENT AND USAGE . -94 -2.11 ROPE STOWAGE . -95 -2.11.1 GENERAL. -95 -2.11.2 NATURAL FIBER ROPE STOWAGE. -95 -2.11.3 SYNTHETIC FIBER ROPE STOWAGE. -95 -2.12 ROPE-USE PRECAUTIONS, INSTRUCTIONS, AND INSPECTIONS . -95 -2.12.1 GENERAL. -95 -2.12.2 PRACTICES TO AVOID. -95 -2.12.3 INSPECTING NATURAL FIBER ROPES FOR DAMAGE. -96 -2.12.4 SYNTHETIC ROPES. -97 -2.12.4.1 Advantages of Synthetic Ropes. -97 -2.12.4.2 Specifications. -97 -2.12.4.3 Maintenance.-97 -2.13

SYNTHETIC ROPE; GENERAL USAGE . -98 -2.13.1 GENERAL. -98 -2.13.2 HEAVY LOADS. -98 -2.13.3 SYNTHETIC ROPE STRETCH. -98 -2.13.3.1 Tattle-tales. -98 -2.13.3.2 Aramid Line Failure Indicators. -99 -2.13.4 MOORING LINES. -99 -2.13.5 ELONGATION AND PAIRING OF DISSIMILAR ROPES.-101 -2.13.6 SYNTHETIC ROPE STOPPERS.-101 -2.13.7 COILING.-101 -2.13.8 REDUCING ABRASION AND MINIMIZING SURGING.-101 -2.13.9 CAPSTANS.-101 -2.13.10 TOWING END FITTINGS.-101 -2.13.11 SPECIAL THIMBLES.-102 -2.13.12

THIMBLES AND SHACKLES.-102 -2.13.13 THIMBLE USAGE.-102 -2.14 PRECAUTIONS FOR USING SYNTHETIC FIBER ROPES .-103 -2.14.1 GENERAL.-103 -2.14.2 SINGLE-PART HANDLING.-103 -2.14.3 ROPE ELONGATION.-103 -2.14.4 REBONDING OF BITT AND CAPSTAN LINES.-103 -2.14.5 SURGING ON BITT AND CLEAT LINES.-103 -2.14.6 EASING-OUT AND CHECKING LINES.-104 -2.14.7

MAKING A SIDE TOW HITCH.-104 -2.14.8 DOUBLING-UP SYNTHETIC MOORING LINES.-104 -2.14.9 STOPPER.-105 -2.14.10 SYNTHETIC FIBER ROPE’S LIFE EXPECTANCY.-105 -2.15 CRITERIA FOR ESTIMATING USED ROPE SERVICEABILITY .-105 -2.15.1 GENERAL.-105 -2.15.2 ROPE WEAR.-105 -2.15.3 BREAKING STRENGTH LOSS.-105 -2.15.4 CHAFING.-105 -2.15.5 STRETCHOUT.-105 -2.15.6 CUTTING.-105 -2.15.7 COCKLING.-106 -2.15.8 RUST.-106 -2.15.9 CUMULATIVE EFFECT OF SERVICEABILITY FACTORS.-107 -2.15.10 INSPECTION GUIDELINES.-107 SECTION 3.

RIGGING .-107 -3.1 INTRODUCTION .-107 -3.2 STANDING RIGGING REQUIREMENTS .-108 -3.2.1 GENERAL.-108 -3.2.2 SPLICING AND SERVING.-108 -3.2.3 PREPARATION.-108 -3.2.4 WORMING.-108 -3.2.5 PARCELING.-108 -3.2.6 SERVING.-108 -3.2.7 DOUBLE SERVING.-108 -3.3 INSTALLATION .-108 -3.4 ADJUSTMENT .-108 -3.5 INSULATORS .-109 -3.6 GROUNDING .-109 -3.7 CHARRING OF WOOD .-109 -3.8 INSULATION AND GROUNDING .-109 -3.9 REFERENCES .-110

LIST OF TABLES -1-1. WIRE ROPE ACCEPTANCE BREAKING STRENGTH . -9 -1-2. WIRE ROPE ALLOWABLE DIAMETER REDUCTION . -16 -1-3. SEIZINGS FOR WIRE ROPE .-18 -1-4. TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS . -24 -1-5A. Compound Quantities for WIRELOCK . -37 -1-6A. Compound Quantities for SOCKETFAST . -40 -1-5. MINIMUM NUMBER OF CLIPS REQUIRED . -49 -1-6. LENGTH OF UNLAYED ROPE REQUIRED . -51 -2-1. FIBER ROPE SPECIFICATIONS .-68 -2-2. SMALL CORDAGE SPECIFICATIONS . -72 -2-3. STRANDED AND BRAIDED ROPE MINIMUM BREAKING STRENGTH (LBS) . -90 -2-4. DIMENSIONS FOR TATTLE-TALE LINES . -99 -2-5. SUBSTITUTION OF ARAMID ROPE FOR OTHER SYNTHETIC ROPES .-100 -2-6. ROPE INSPECTION GUIDELINES .-107

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Title Page -1-1. Wire Rope Construction . -1 -1-2. Core Construction . -2 -1-3. Wire Rope Lays . -2 -1-4. Length of Rope Lays . -3 -1-5. Measuring Wire Rope . -4 -1-6. Common Wire Rope Construction, Examples . -5 -1-7. Uncoiling Wire Rope . -11 -1-8. Unreeling Wire Rope . -12 -1-9. Improper Handling . -12 -1-10. Wire Rope Loop . -13 -1-11. Wire Rope Kink . -13 -1-12. Kink Damage . -13 -1-13. Overwind Reeving Attachment Point . -14 -1-14. Underwind Reeving Attachment Point . -15 -1-15. Seizing . -18 -1-16. Seizing Iron . -19 -1-17. Permanent Seizing . -19 -1-18. Socket Pouring . -22 -1-19.

Level of Poured Zinc and Zinc Penetration . -26 -1-20. Rotation of Socket . -27 -1-21. Axial Movement of Socket . -28 -1-22A. Seizing of Wire Rope. -31 -1-23A. Unlay of Wire Rope. -32 -1-24A. Properly Broomed Wire Rope. -33 -1-25A. Socket Properly Sealed with Fireclay. -35 -1-26A. Properly Positioned Socket with Wire Rope Ends Protruding.-36 -1-27A. Proper Vessel and Wooden Paddle Used in Mixing. -38 -1-28A. Proper Mixing of the WIRELOCK Compound. -39 -1-29A. Mixing of the SOCKETFAST Catalyst to Resin Mixture. -41 -1-30A. Pouring of SOCKETFAST Compound into the Socket. -42 -1-22.

Fiege-Type Electroline (Threaded Compression) Assembly (Sheet 1 of 3) . -45 -1-22. Fiege-Type Electroline (Threaded Compression) Assembly (Sheet 2 of 3) . -46 -1-22. Fiege-Type Electroline (Threaded Compression) Assembly (Sheet 3 of 3) . -47 -1-23. Clip Attachments . -48 -1-24. Seizing Long Splice . -52 -1-25. Strand Identification . -52 -1-26. Relaying Strands . -53 -1-27. Cutting Strand Length . -53 -1-28. Binding the Long Splice . -54 -1-29. Long Splice Tuck Points . -55 -1-30. Preparing for Tuck . -55 -1-31. Cutting the Core . -56 -1-32. Removing the Core . -57 -1-33. Laying in Strand . -57 -1-34. Rope Ready for Tucking . -57 -1-35. Finishing . -58 -1-36. Butting IWRC Splice . -59 -1-37. Initial Tuck Point . -60 -1-38. IWRC Tuck Points . -60 -1-39. Vice Position . -60 -1-40. Finishing IWRC Splice . -61 -1-41. Finished IWRC Splice . -61 -1-42. First Three Tucks of Liverpool Splice . -62 -1-43. Strands Four, Five, and Six of Liverpool Splice . -62 -1-44. Working the Strands of Liverpool Splice . -63 -1-45. Lock-Tuck Splice . -64 -1-46. Lock-Tuck Splice Completed . -65 -1-47. Flemish Eye Splice (Molly Hogan) .-66 -2-1.

Synthetic Fiber Plain-Laid Rope . -69 -2-2. Synthetic Fiber Cable-Laid Rope . -69 -2-3. Plaited Rope . -70 -2-4. Synthetic Fiber Double Braided Rope . -71 -2-5. Fids Used for Splicing Double-Braided Line . -71 -2-6. Eye Splice in Plain-Laid Rope .-74 -2-7. Sailmaker’s Eye Splice for 4–Strand Rope (Preferred Method) . -75 -2-8. Eye Splice in Plaited Rope . -76 -2-9. Extracting the Core from Double-Braided Rope . -77 -2-10. Putting Cover Inside Core of Double-Braided Rope . -77 -2-11. Reinserting Core Into Cover of Double-Braided Rope . -78 -2-12.

Double-Braided Rope Eye Splice . -78 -2-13. Short Splice of Plain-Laid Rope . -79 -2-14. Short Splice of Plaited Rope (8 Strand) . -80 -2-15. Long Splice of Plain-Laid Rope . -81 -2-16. Preparing Plaited Rope for Long Splice . -82 -2-17. Marrying Plaited Rope Strands for Long Splice . -83 -2-18. Tucking Plaited Rope Strands for Long Splice . -84 -2-19. Completing Plaited Rope Long Splice . -85 -2-20. Extracting Cores from Double Braided Rope, Long Splice . -86 -2-21. Putting Covers Inside Cores of Double Braided Rope, Long Splice . -86 -2-22. Reinserting Core Into Covers of Double Braided Rope, Long Splice . -86 -2-23.

Burying the Exposed Cores of Double Braided Rope, Long Splice . -87 -2-24. Completing the Double Braided Rope, Long Splice . -87 -2-25. Throat Seizing . -87 -2-26. Correct Method of Securing on H-Bitts with Round Turns . -88 -2-27. Overriding Turns on a Capstan .-88 -2-28. Relaxed Synthetic Fiber Rope . -99 -2-29. Synthetic Fiber Rope Maximum Workload . -99 -2-30. Towing Thimble .-102 -2-31. Correct Method of Making a Side-Tow Hitch .-104 -2-32. Correct Method for Doubling-Up .-104 -2-33. Synthetic Rope Showing Fuzzy Nap as a Result of Normal Wear .-105 -2-34. Synthetic Rope Containing a Cockle .-106 -2-35. Synthetic Rope Showing Cut Condition .-106 -2-36. Synthetic Rope Showing Surface Fusion and Chafing .-106 -2-37. Rope Showing Rust Damage . -106