Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine,English

Contents

Introduction

1. Diagnostic methods

1.1 Inspection

1.1.1 Inspection of the whole body

1.1.1.1 Inspection of spirit

1.1.1.2 Inspection of complexion

1.1.1.3 Inspection of postures

1.1.2 Inspection of local regions

1.1.2.1 Inspection of head and hair

1.1.2.2 Inspection of the five sense organs

1.1.2.3 Inspection of neck

1.1.2.4 Inspection of skin

1.1.2.5 Inspection of infantile index finger veins

1.1.2.6 Inspection of excreta

1.1.3 Inspection of tongue

1.1.3.1 Methods for inspection of tongue

1.1.3.2 Normal states of the tongue

1.1.3.3 Inspection of the tongue body

1.1.3.4 Inspection of tongue fur

1.1.3.5 Comprehensive analysis if the body of the tongue and tongue fur

1.2 Listening and olfaction

1.2.1 Listening to sounds

1.2.1.1 Speech

1.2.1.2 Respiration

1.2.1.3 Cough

1.2.1.4 Hiccup and belching

1.2.2 Olfaction

1.2.2.1 Smelling body odor

1.2.2.2 Odor in the room

1.3 Inquiry

1.3.1 General information

1.3.2 Inquiry of chief complaint and history of present illness

1.3.2.1 Inquiry of chief complaint

1.3.2.2Inquiry of the history of present illness

1.3.3  Inquiry of the present symptoms

1.3.3.1 Inquiry of fever and cold

1.3.3.2 Inquiry of sweating

1.3.3.3 Inquiry of pain

1.3.3.4 Inquiry of sleep

1.3.3.5 Inquiry of diet and partiality

1.3.3.6 Inquiry of urination and defecation

1.3.3.7 Inquiry of the head and face

1.3.3.8 Inquiry of chest and abdomen

1.3.3.9 Inquiry of symptoms in andropathy

1.3.3.10 Inquiry of symptoms in andropathy

1.3.3.11 Inquiry of symptoms in gynecology

1.3.3.12 Inquiry of symptoms in pediatrics

1.3.4 Inquiry of anamnesis

1.3.4.1 Inquiry of past physique

1.3.4.2 Inquiry of previous illness

1.3.5 Inquiry of family history

1.4 Pulse-taking and palpation

1.4.1 Pulse-taking

1.4.1.1 Regions and methods for taking pulse

1.4.1.2 Normal pulse

1.4.1.3 Morbid pulse

1.4.2 Palpation

1.4.2.1 Methods for palpation

1.4.2.2 Pressing the chest and abdomen

1.4.2.3 Palpation of the four limbs

1.4.2.4 Palpation of acupoints

2. Differentiation of syndrome

2.1 Syndrome differentiation with eight principles

2.1.1 External and internal differentiation of syndromes

2.1.1.1 External syndrome

2.1.1.2 Internal syndrome

Appendix: Half external and half internal syndrome

2.1.2 Syndrome differentiation of cold and heat

2.1.2.1 Cold syndrome

2.1.2.2 Heat syndrome

2.1.3 Syndrome differentiation of asthenia and sthenia

2.1.3.1 Asthenia syndrome

2.1.3.2 Sthenia syndrome

2.1.4 Syndrome differentiation of yin and yang

2.1.4.1 Yin syndrome and yang syndrome

2.1.4.2 Yin asthenia syndrome and yang asthenia syndrome

2.1.4.3 Yin depletion syndrome and yang depletion syndrome

2.1.5 Relationship among the eight principal syndromes

2.1.5.1 Relationship between two principles in a pair

2.1.5.2 Relationship between different pairs of principles

2.2 Syndrome differentiation of qi, blood and body fluid

2.2.1 Syndrome differentiation of qi disorders

2.2.1.1 Qi asthenia syndrome

2.2.1.2 Qi sinking syndrome

2.2.1.3 Qi stagnation syndrome

2.2.1.4 Qi reversion syndrome

2.2.2 Syndrome differentiation of blood disease

2.2.2.1 Blood asthenia syndrome

2.2.2.2 Blood stasis syndrome

2.2.2.3 Blood cold syndrome

2.2.2.4 Blood heat syndrome

2.2.3 Syndrome differentiation of simultaneous disorder of qi and blood

2.2.3.1 Asthenia of both qi and blood

2.2.3.2 Qi asthenia and hemorrhagia syndrome

2.2.3.3 Depletion of qi with bleeding syndrome

2.2.3.4 Qi asthenia and blood stasis syndrome

2.2.3.5 Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome

2.2.4 Syndrome differentiation of fluid disorder

2.2.4.1 Insufficiency of body fluid

2.2.4.2 Phlegm syndrome

2.2.4.3 Fluid-retention syndrome

2.2.4.4 Edema

2.3 Syndrome differentiation of viscera

2.3.1 Syndrome differentiation of heart disease

2.3.1.1 Asthenia of heart qi

2.3.1.2 Heart yang asthenia syndrome

2.3.1.3 Sudden loss of heart yang syndrome

2.3.1.4 Heart blood asthenia syndrome

2.3.1.5 Heart yin asthenia syndrome

2.3.1.6 Heart vessels obstruction syndrome

2.3.1.7 Exuberance of heart fire syndrome

2.3.1.8 Mind confusion by phlegm

2.3.1.9 Disturbance of the heart by phlegmatic fire

2.3.2 Syndrome differentiation of lung disease

2.3.2.1 Pulmonary qi asthenia syndrome

2.3.2.2 Lung yin asthenia syndrome

2.3.2.3 Syndrome of wind cold encumbering lung

2.3.2.4 Wind heat invading lung syndrome

2.3.2.5 Syndrome of dryness attacking lung

2.3.2.6 Syndrome of accumulation of pathogenic heat in lung

2.3.2.7 Syndrome of phlegmatic dampness retention in lung

2.3.2.8 Syndrome of confliction of wind and fluid in lung

2.3.3 Syndrome differentiation of spleen disease

2.3.3.1 Syndrome of asthenia of splenic qi

2.3.3.2 Syndrome of asthenia of splenic yang

2.3.3.3 Syndrome of sinking of splenic qi

2.3.3.4 Syndrome of failure of the spleen to govern blood

2.3.3.5 Syndrome of cold and dampness encumbering the spleen

2.3.3.6 Syndrome of damp heat encumbering the spleen

2.3.4 Syndrome Differentiation of liver disease

2.3.4.1 Asthenia syndrome of liver blood

2.3.4.2 Syndrome of liver yin asthenia

2.3.4.3 Syndrome of liver qi stagnation

2.3.4.4 Syndrome of liver fire hyperactivity

2.3.4.5 Syndrome of liver yang hyperactivity

2.3.4.6 Syndrome of endogenous liver wind

2.3.4.7 Syndrome of cold stagnation in the liver meridian

2.3.5  Syndrome differentiation of kidney disease

2.3.5.1 Syndrome of kidney yang asthenia

2.3.5.2 Syndrome of edema due to kidney asthenia

2.3.5.3 Syndrome of kidney yin asthenia

2.3.5.4 Syndrome of kidney qi weakness

2.3.5.5 Syndrome of kidney qi weakness

2.3.5.6 Syndrome of kidney failing to receive qi

2.3.6 Syndrome differentiation of stomach disease

2.3.6.1 Syndrome of stomach cold

2.3.6.2 Syndrome of stomach heat

2.3.6.3 Syndrome of food retention in the stomach

2.3.6.4 Syndrome of asthenic stomach yin

2.3.7 Syndrome differentiation of gallbladder disease

Syndrome of gallbladder stagnation and phlegm disturbance

2.3.8 Syndrome differentiation of small intestinal disease

Sthenic heat syndrome f small intestinal disease

2.3.9 Syndrome differentiation of large intestinal disease

2.3.9.1 Syndrome of large intestinal fluid consumption

2.3.9.2 Syndrome of large intestinal damp-heat

2.3.10 Syndrome differentiation of bladder disease Syndrome of  damp heat in the bladder

2.3.11 Syndrome differentiation of accompanying diseases of viscera

2.3.11.1 Asthenia syndrome of heart and lung qi

2.3.11.2 Asthenia syndrome of heart and spleen

2.3.11.3 Asthenia syndrome of heart and kidney yang

2.3.11.4 Syndrome of disharmony between the heart and kidney

2.3.11.5 Syndrome of lung and spleen qi asthenia

2.3.11.6 Syndrome of spleen and kidney yang asthenia

2.3.11.7 Syndrome of kidney and liver yin asthenia

2.3.11.8 Syndrome of liver fire invading lung

2.3.11.9 Syndrome of imbalance between liver and spleen

2.3.11.10 Syndrome of incoordination between liver and stomach

2.3.11.11 Syndrome of damp-heat in liver and gallbladder

2.4 Other syndrome differentiation methods

2.4.1 Introduction to six-meridians syndrome differentiation

2.4.1.1 Taiyang syndrome

2.4.1.2 Yangming syndrome

2.4.1.3 Shaoyang syndrome

2.4.1.4 Taiyin syndrome

2.4.1.5 Shaoyin syndrome

2.4.1.6 Jueyin syndrome

2.4.2 Introduction to syndrome differentiation of defensive qi, qi, nutrient qi and blood.

2.4.2.1 Defensive phase syndrome

2.4.2.2 Qi phase syndrome

2.4.2.3 Nutrient phase syndrome

2.4.2.4 Blood phase syndrome